Improved mode of ornamenting candles



ARTHUR FIELD, OF UPPER MARSH,"LAMBETH, AND WILLIAM BRYER NATION, 0F NO.394 OLD KENT ROAD, ENGLAND; (SAID NATION ASSIGNS HIS RIGHT TO SAIDLette/rs Patent No. 88,779, dated April 13, 1869.

IMPROVED MODE OF ORNAMENTING- CANDLES.

TheSchedule referred to in these Letters Patent and making part of thesame.

To all whom Iit may concern accompanying drawings, and to the figuresand letters marked thereon; that is to say- One part of our inventionconsists in producing upon the'surface of candles helical, straight, orother-shaped grooves, or recesses, and in filling such grooves, orrecesses'witli wax, stearine,'parafiine, or other suitable fatty matter,of a different color or colors from that of the candle.

For this purpose, we either insert into the mould of the candle, beforethis is cast, loose helical or straight pieces of metal, or othersuitable material, which, when the candle is drawn from the mould, passout with the.

same, and are then readily removed from the candle; or we cast thecandle in the Yusual manner, and afterward pass it through a die ordies, so shaped as to cut the requisite helical or straight grooves uponit; or the candle, when cast, may be placed in a second mould, having astraight or helical slit in it, and by passing a cutting-edge along suchslit, so as to cut a groove in the candle, and then turning the candlepartly round, and cutting a second groove in the candle, and so on, therequisite helical or straight grooves may be produced. Or we cut suchhelical grooves upon candles by means of a machine tobehereafterdes'cribed. Or, again, we form designs in relief upon theinner surface of folding-moulds, that is to say, moulds dividedlongitudinally into two or more parts, and held together in any suitablemanner while the candle is being cast therein, after which the mould isopened out, and the candle, with recessed designs on its surface, isremoved.

The candle prepared by any of the foregoing methods is then again placedinto a mould, and the grooves, or recesses upon the same are filled inwith melted wax or other material of the required color or colors.

When straight grooves are to be formed on the candle, instead ofemploying loose fillets to be placed in the mould, as before mentioned,these fillets may be `fixed in the mould, and the candle will, in thiscase,

have to be placed afterward in a different mould, without fillets, inorder to fill in the grooves as described. In some cases, the helical,straight, or other grooves,

or recesses formed in the first instance may he leftv without being lledin as described.

Figure ,17011 Sheet I of the accompanying drawings, shows, at A, avertical section through an ordinary candle-mould, in which, beforecasting the candle, are

placed two or more loose helical fillets B, of metal, whalehone, orother suitable material, shown detached at Figure 2, the fillets beingformed with a fiat surface, resting close against the mould A, while theprojecting surface is formed' rounded, as shown.

The melted stearine, parafhue, or other material being run into themould, the fillets B will become embedded in the candle, and when thelatter is pushed out of the mould, the fillets B will pass out with it,and onbeing removed therefrom will leave helical grooveson the surfaceofthe candle.

The candle is then replaced in the mould, and the helical passagesformed by the grooves and the surface of the mould are then run in withmelted parafiine or other material of a differentcolor from that of thecandle, thus producing a candle, as shown at Figure 3, with coloredhelical lines upon its surface.

For producing straight colored lines upon the candles, straight filletsB', shown detached at Figure 4, are placed in the mould, as at A', iig.l, and in order to retain these fillets in their places in the mould,they are made to fit in corresponding grooves formed in the latter, sothat when the candle is removed, and, after taking out the fillets, isreinserted in the mould, and the colored material is run into the smallchannels thus formed, a candle will be produced having upon its lsurfaceprojecting straight fillets, of a different color from that of thecandle, as shown at Figure 5;

As before stated, if it is desired to produce `straight colored linesupon the candle, not-projecting from its surface, the fillets B' arefixed in the mould A', and

the candle, after being cast therein, is placed in another mould, havinga plain surface, similar to A. Or projecting colored fillets may in likemanner be formed on the candle, by first casting the candle in a mouldwith fixed projecting fillets, and then placing the candle v in a mouldhaving corresponding recesses, or grooves.

Figure 6 shows a longitudina-l-section, and Figure 7 shows a plan of onearrangement for cutting the grooves upon the candle, after it-has beencast in the ordinary manner.

O is a fixed mould, having the same internal form as the candle to be.operated upon.

This mould has ak slit, D, right along it, so that when v the candle Eis placed in the mould, and a cutting-tool, F, is passed along the slit,a corresponding groove will be formed in the surface of the candle.

The upper end of thecandle E and of the mould O being formed hexagonalor polygonal, it will be-seen that if, Yafter cutting the groove asdescribed, the candle is drawn out of the end of the mould, and isturned so as to bring the hexagonal end successively into dit"- ferentpositions in the end of the mould, a succession of equidistant groovesmay he cut in the surface of the candle, and these may then be filled inwith material of a different color, as before described.

If, instead of straight grooves, it is desired to cnt helical grooves onthe candle, the mould O has a corresponding helical slit, and isarranged so as to be capable of turning on its longitudinal axis whilethe cutter is passed along the slit.

Figures 8 and 9, on Sheet II of the drawings, show another arrangementof machinery for cutting the helical grooves on the candles. Fig. 8shows a front elevation, and iig. 9 vshows a plan of the same.

H is the bed of the machine, upon which are fixed the bearings I Il l2,in an adjustable manner.

The bearings'I Il carry the helically-grooved cylinder J, upon the endof which is the socket j, foi-ined as shown to allow the cutter to passfreely to the .extreme end ofthe candle.

In this socket is fixed one end of the candle K, the other end beingheld 'in the opposite socket L, supported by the bearing This socket isfree to turn and slide in its bearing, and is kept. up to its positionby means of the ,back spring l.

M is the sliding-bar, supported by the brackets mm.

Upon this bar is the block N, which is arranged to slide transversely ina dovetail groove on the bar, and

in which block is fixed the cutter n.

This cutter is regulated according to the depth of cut required by meansof the set-screw n acting upon the fixed stop n2, and is kept inposition by means of the' spring a3.

This set-screw may either be turned -by the workman, at the commencementof each cut, or the. screw may be provided with a star head, which, justprevious tothe cutter-block being released by the slidingstop S, comesin contact with a stud, fixed so as to catch one of the points of thestar-headed screw, and thusto canse it to turn round and to make thecutter advance the required distance.

Upon the sliding-bar M is also fixed the roller O,

which works backward and forward in the grooves of the' cylinder J, andin thus causing the cylinder to revolve," imparts rotary motion to thecandle.

P is the fiy-wheel, supported in bearings, as shown, and upon the axisof which is the pinion 11, which gears into a spur-wheel Q, upon theaxis of which the eccentric, or crank-plate q.

To this eccentric is attached Aone end of the connecting-rod R, shown4in dotted lines in fig. 8, the other end of which is connected to therocking-lever lr, the lower end of which works on a pin attached to thebase of the machine, while the upper end carries another connecting-rodlr1, the other end of which is attached to a block, ri, fixed upon thesliding-bar M.

The action ofthe machine is as follows: The sliding-bar, with itscutter, being placed in position for commencing the cut, as shown in thedrawing, motion is imparted to the fly-wheel l?, which, by means of thepinion p and spur-wheel Q, communicates motion to-the crank-plate q.

This crank-plate, through the intervention of the connecting-rod R,imparts a rocking motion to the lever fr, and this, by meansl of theconnecting-rod lr1, communicates a to-and-fro lmotion to the sliding-barM and cutter n, and consequently, also, by means of the roller O, arotary motion to the grooved cylinder and the candle K.

When, by these means, the cutter has been drawn to the opposite end ofthe revolving candle, it will be is fixed l evident that a helicalgroove, corresponding in pitch, or inclination to the groove in thecylinder, will have been cut thereon, after which it is necessary thatthe cutter should be drawn away from the surface of the candle, in orderthat it may be brought back to commence the cut again.

For this purpose a sliding-stop, S, is held, by means of pins s s, uponthe edge of the sliding-bar M. When the cutter arrives at the end of itscut, one end of the stop S comes in contact with the edge of the bearingI, and as the motion of' the bar continues a little, the stop iscausedto slide upon the pins s s, and, in doing so, brings an inclinedsurface, s, formed upon the upper edge of the stop, as shown, in contactwith a projecting-stud t, upon the under side ofthe cutter-block N, andthnscauses this block, with the cutter, to recede from the surface ofthecandle, in which position it remains until, upon the bar M, moving backto commence another cut, the other end of the sliding-stop comesincontact with the edge of the bearing I2, and is thus caused to slideupon its pins in the contrary direction, and thereby releases thecutterblock,.vvhich slides toward the candle again, ready to commencethe cut.

If more than one helical groove is required to be out upon the surfaceof the candle, it'can be readily done:

by turning the candle upon its axis, so as to bring a different part ofits surface in contact with the cutter.-

For this purpose,`. the socket j, which holds one end of the candle, isarranged so as to turn and be fixed in different positions upon the axisof the grooved cylinder J.

Figures 1011, and 12, on Sheets I land II, show candles 'ornamented asabove described, by means of folding-moulds, the moulds being formedwith projecting designs on their inner surface, corresponding with thecolored designs on the candles. so arranged that they are all connectedby a channel, :v x x, that passes to the end of the candle, so that onrunning the colored material down such channel it will find its way intoall the recessed designs.

Having thus described the nature of our invention, and in what mannerthe same is to be performed, we wish it to be understood that we in noway limit ourselves to the 'arrangements hereinbefore described forforming the grooves or recesses on the surfaces of the candles; nor dowe claim the before-described machinery, or apparatus for effecting thisoperation, as forming any part of our present invention, asvarious othercontrivances may be employed for this purpose, and

we have only described the aforesaid arrangements inv order to indicatesome practical mode of carrying our invention into effect; but

What we claim, is-

1. Ornamenting candles, by first forming grooves, or recesses, of' anydesired form, upon the surfaces of candles, and then filling in suchgrooves with wax, stearine, paraiine, or other suitable substance, of adifferent color from that ofthe candle.

2. Forming grooves, or recessed designs upon candles, substantially ashereinbefore set forth. v

In testimony whereof we have signed our naines to this specication, inthe presence of two subscribing` witnesses, this 4th day of December,1868. l

. ARTHUR FIELD.

. W. B. NATION.

. Witnesses:

CEAS. D. ABEL, A. P. TAYLOR.

These designs are

